2017-18 Colloquium Series
The Science Studies Colloquium Series takes place every Monday of the quarter from 4:00p-5:30p in Room 3027, Humanities & Social Sciences Building, Muir College campus, unless noted otherwise.
A reception for the colloquium speaker takes place before the talk from 3:30p-4:00p in Room 3005, Humanities & Social Sciences Building.
Fall Quarter 2017
October 2, 2017
Science Studies Program Meeting
SSP faculty and students only
October 9, 2017
Rebecca Herzig
Professor, Gender and Sexuality Studies
Bates College
&
Banu Subramaniam
Professor, Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies
UMass Amherst
(Be)laboring Biopolitics: Genealogies of Labor in STS
Labor has been and continues to be an indispensable category of analysis for understanding asymmetrical social relations in and across post-industrial settings, as evidenced by the proliferation of new terms deployed by activists and scholars: “affective” labor, “immaterial” labor, “digital” labor, and so forth. In this talk, we trace the recent advent of a concept alternately referred to as “biological,” “biomedical,” or “clinical” labor, and consider how it might be used to rethink the politics of academic labor.
October 16, 2017
Lilly Irani
Assistant Professor, Communication & Science Studies
UC San Diego
Entrepreneurial Citizenship: Promising Knowledge and the Subsumption of Hope
“How do you get acquainted with 4 billion people?” This is a question posed by a “clean water" NGO that partnered with DevDesign, the studio where I conducted ethnographic fieldwork for 14 months. In this talk, I explain the rise of entrepreneurial citizenship in India — a call to citizens to take up the developmental work of a liberalizing state. I then turn to the work of DevDesign as they combined ethnography and design to produce not facts, but “opportunities" for global health public-private partnership. I outline how the entrepreneurial ethos and mode of development subsumes hope and disciplines development. The talk draws from my forthcoming book Innovators and their Others (Princeton University Press).
October 23, 2017
Robert Johnson
Professor of History, College of Letters and Sciences, Social Sciences
National University
The Titanic and the Stokehold: Fossil Capital, Climate Change, and the Sociology of Collapse
The RMS Titanic was modernity's premier achievement, the purest symbol of what we might call fossil capitalism before it sunk to the bottom of the seafloor in a spectacular and nonlinear example of technological and social collapse. This talk uses the RMS Titanic as a case study to exemplify the starkly stratified world of pleasure and risk, of Turkish steam baths and sweaty stokeholds, of hungry miners and engorged elite passengers bound to one another in a fossil economy, on the brink of collapse.
October 30, 2017
Rafael Nuñez
Professor, Cognitive Science
UC San Diego
Does Cognitive Science (still) exist?
The "cognitive revolution" of the 1980s brought the exciting prospect of investigating "the mind" scientifically, in a well-integrated multidisciplinary field with a coherent subject matter, common research questions, complementary methods and theoretical developments (largely motivated by the unifying tenet that "cognition is computation" and that the mind is a computational entity). Over the decades, however, failures in some areas (e.g., classic artificial intelligence), difficulties in integrating certain domains (e.g., anthropology), and developments in new directions (e.g., neuroscience), has led this "common" effort to become a rather eclectic group of academic practices that no longer seem to have clear common goals, research questions, methods, and theories. Contrary to enthusiastic initial predictions, after the creation of the first department of cognitive science at UC San Diego in the 80's, only a handful of other departments have been created since; cognitive neuroscientists and many other cognition-related practitioners do not tend to publish in "cognitive science" journals; and, importantly, in many universities and research institutions around the world, exciting and successful multidisciplinary cognition/mind-related work seems to be taking place outside (or without the need) of "cognitive science". In this talk I will analyze the question of whether "cognitive science" (singular) still exists as an academic/intellectual field with a well-defined and coherent subject matter. To inform this question, and based on a graduate seminar I conducted last Spring, I will analyze material involving the history of relevant ideas and theories, professional practices, methods, publication patterns and venues, academic and professional institutions, and undergraduate and (the few) graduate "cognitive science" curricula, among others.
November 6, 2017
Akos Rona-Tas
Professor, Sociology
UC San Diego
Knowing What We Don’t: Uncertainty in Food Risk Science in the United States and the European Union
The relationship between scientific knowledge and uncertainty in science has been a central question in risk analysis. There have been several conceptualizations of uncertainty but most have been normative efforts to construct an ontology based on theoretical considerations. There have been few empirical attempts to build and test such an ontology through textual analysis. Methods assisted by machine learning we do not know of.
We developed empirically an ontology to investigate uncertainty in risk assessment in food safety, comparing the EU and the US, and the two main domains of food safety: biohazards and contaminants over the period 2000-2010 with a four year grant from the French National Science Foundation (ANR), and support from the US FDA, and EFSA. The ontology gauges expressions of uncertainty in two ways: one classifies the content of the uncertainty expressed in the documents, the other looks for stylistic clues of judgment. We built a large database of English language risk assessment documents issued by the agencies responsible for food safety, double coded by humans using our ontology. We also used machine-learning algorithms to reproduce and correct our coding and to test its internal consistency. (http://www6.inra.fr/holyrisk )
We ask four questions: Is scientific uncertainty different in the US and the EU? Are there different epistemic cultures of perceiving uncertainties across different subfields of science? Do uncertainties decrease with more research? And, finally, do policy makers act differently when scientific evidence is weak?
November 13, 2017
Kristopher Nelson
PhD Candidate, History & Science Studies
UC San Diego
Reform & Resistance: Protecting the Private by Policing the Public (1860s-1960s)
In this talk, a subset of a larger look at the historical impact of technology on American privacy law, I will examine the results of several new technologies (telephonic wiretaps, surgical sterilization, and contraception) on the desire and the reality of attempts to use governmental power to protect the “sacred domestic home” by increasing regulation and control of the public sphere—and the fuzzy and impermeable boundaries between these two supposedly separate zones. I will look at the rise of such attempts (including some of the Victorian and Progressive moral reformers and medical experts involved) and then the establishment of new restrictions on these interventions (which also invoked the home and family as a justification), ending with the Supreme Court cases of Griswold, Katz, and Berger.
November 20, 2017
James Delbourgo
Associate Professor, History of Science & Atlantic World
Rutgers University
Collecting the World: Hans Sloane and the Origins of the British Museum
In 1759 London’s British Museum opened its doors for the first time – the first free national public museum in the world. But how did it come into being? This talk recounts the overlooked yet colorful life of the museum’s founder: Sir Hans Sloane. Born in 1660, Sloane amassed a fortune as a London society physician, became president of the Royal Society and Royal College of Physicians, and assembled an encyclopedic collection of specimens and objects – the most famous cabinet of curiosities of its time – which became the foundation of the British Museum. Slavery and empire played crucial roles in his career. Sloane worked in Jamaica as a plantation doctor and made collections throughout the island with help from planters and slaves. On his return to London, he married a Jamaican sugar heiress, adding to his wealth and his ability to collect. He then established a network of agents to supply him with objects of all kinds f rom Asia, the Americas and beyond: plants and animals, books and manuscripts, a shoe made of human skin, the head of an Arctic walrus, slaves’ banjos, magical amulets, Buddhist shrines, copies of the Qur’ān and more. The little-known life of one of the Enlightenment’s most controversial luminaries provides a new story about the beginnings of public museums through their origins in encyclopedic universalism, imperialism and slavery. The lecture is based on Delbourgo’s new biography of Sloane entitled Collecting the World, published by Penguin in the UK and the Belknap Press in the US, which has been named Book of the Week in The Guardian, The Times (London), the Daily Mail and The Week (UK).
November 27, 2017
Arthur Petersen
Professor of Science, Technology and Public Policy
University College London
Values in Science Advice: The Case of the IPCC
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reviews scientific literature on climate change in an attempt to make scientific knowledge about climate change accessible to a wide audience that includes policy makers. Documents produced by the IPCC are subject to negotiations in plenary sessions, which can be frustrating for the scientists and government delegations involved, who all have stakes in getting their respective interests met. This seminar draws on the work of Bruno Latour in order to analyze the role of different values in science advice and the need for ‘diplomacy’ between them.
December 4, 2017
Ramya Rajagopalan
Visiting Scholar, Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Testing DNA: Pharmacogenomics and the Pursuit of Precision Medicine
In the 1950s, medical researchers began to postulate that genetic differences might explain patients’ variable responses to prescription drugs. Recently, the search for such “pharmacogenomic” differences has become a central vein of inquiry in American biomedicine, supported by the development of DNA sequencing and analysis tools. These have underpinned an emerging enterprise of “precision medicine,” which aims to decipher and use each patient’s unique DNA sequence to tailor health care and treatment. Drawing on fieldwork in research and hospital laboratories, I examine the knowledge-making and evidentiary practices through which biomedical researchers have attempted to frame and extract meaning and value from genome sequence data, as part of their efforts to make DNA variation useful to routine clinical practice. I use as a case study the blood thinner warfarin, a decades old drug, which was revived as an experimental object of study and transformed into a torchbearer for pharmacogenomics. I show how, enmeshed in the sociotechnical, political, and regulatory contexts of biomedicine, the epistemic negotiations that sought to render genomic data about warfarin into clinically actionable information have instead been complicated by contested views of DNA’s predictive and economic value for routine clinical decisions.
December 11, 2017
No Colloquium
Finals Week
Winter Quarter 2018
January 8, 2018
Science Studies Program Meeting
SSP faculty and students only
January 15, 2018
No Colloquium
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
January 22, 2018
Allen Tran, Anthropology'12
Assistant Professor, Anthropology, Bucknell University
Writing the self and cognitive-behavioral therapy in post-reform Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
This paper examines the role of writing technologies and practices in the construction of emerging forms of subjectivity and affect in psychological counseling centers in post-reform Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Popular interest in affective life and the psychological sciences in Vietnam has increased dramatically since marketizing reforms were implemented in 1986. The earliest psychotherapeutic services in Ho Chi Minh City provided concrete and instrumental advice and encouraged proper morality according to established work and family roles. However, the growing influence of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has made counseling centers the site of an intensive reconfiguration of the interior self. While many clients prefer CBT’s customizable focus on problematic behaviors over psychoanalysis’ more comprehensive approach, the very work of self-compartmentalization requires a broader questioning of personal and cultural identity as counselors negotiate the cultural forms that assist and resist the application and internalization of CBT principles. The writing practices involved in CBT techniques and "homework" cultivate self-reflexive identities for the sake of being recognizable to others, especially other similarly self-reflexive individuals.
January 29, 2018
Elena Aronova'12
Assistant Professor, Department of History, UC Santa Barbara
Earthquake Prediction, Biological Clocks, and the Cold War Psy-Ops: Using Animals as Seismic Sensors in the 1970s California
A familiar image of seismology in the 1970s is that of a field focused on global studies of the earth’s deep interior via sophisticated instruments and transnational networks of seismological stations. Against this backdrop, this essay offers a complementing story, highlighting the significance of local circumstances and disciplinary agendas that were contingent not only on the transformations in the geophysical sciences during the Cold War but on the concurrently changing biological sciences. Using two examples of the studies of unusual animal behavior prior to earthquakes conducted under the auspices of the US Geological Survey in the West Coast of the United States in the 1970s, this essay examines a variety of motivations behind these studies, which tagged earthquake prediction to the concerns over the use of seismological data, a pioneering research on biological rhythms, and a troubled military brain studies.
February 5, 2018
Harun Küçük'12
Assistant Professor, History & Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania
Leisureless Science: Inflation and Genres of Natural Knowledge in Seventeenth Century Istanbul
Monetary distress at the medrese altered the meaning of natural science in Istanbul. The Price Revolution of the sixteenth century reduced the purchasing power of the Ottoman professoriate to one tenth of what it was in the early sixteenth century. This led to a number of changes in the disciplinary structure of natural knowledge. In the seventeenth century, Istanbul produced no anatomy, no theoretical astronomy, no natural philosophy and no textbooks for teaching natural knowledge – disciplines that attach to schooling and to leisure. While theoretical texts that historians most commonly associate with Islamic science almost completely disappeared in the seventeenth century, the number of texts that addressed naturalistic practices rose to unprecedented levels. Istanbul became the main producer of almanacs, pharmaceutical texts and works dealing with gems and metals in the entire empire. This state of affairs brings up a host of related questions: What did it mean to practice science in the complete absence of theory? Who were the producers of knowledge in fields where no one was committed, even nominally, to producing natural knowledge for the sake of knowledge? How do we periodize Istanbul’s practical naturalism in the absence of the very genres that often inform our periodization of early modern science? In this talk, I hope to broach these questions through a comparative overview of the social and economic constitution of scientific fields in seventeenth-century Istanbul.
February 12, 2018
Alan Richardson
Professor, Distinguished University Scholar, Philosophy
University of British Columbia
The Social Function of Scientific Philosophy: Logical Empiricism and Politics
One of the issues that has arisen in the re-evaluation of logical empiricism is whether logical empiricism could be said to have a political project embedded within it. This issue is confused by the inchoateness and polysemy of the notion of "political" within it. I propose not to untie but to cut through this Gordian knot by using J.D. Bernal's notion of "the social function of science" as a resource for interpreting logical empiricism and asking after the social function for scientific philosophy one can find argued for in the work of Rudolf Carnap and, especially, Hans Reichenbach.
February 19, 2018
No Colloquium
President's Day
February 26, 2018
Steve Epstein
Professor of Sociology and John C. Shaffer Professor in the Humanities
Northwestern University
The New Truths of Sex: Operationalizing Sexual Health
In recent decades, the idea that people may aspire to something called “sexual health” has traveled widely in both professional and lay domains. My book project examines the rise of new conceptions and formal definitions of sexual health in the 1970s; the remarkable proliferation and diversification of sexual health meanings and projects beginning in the 1990s; and the implications of these new ways of conjoining sexuality and health for science, politics, and selfhood. My talk draws on material from a chapter of the book that considers scientific and bureaucratic projects that seek to operationalize the concept of sexual health in formal ways—in particular, to measure, standardize, survey, and classify it. I focus on one salient example involving the remaking of diagnostic categories related to sexuality in the forthcoming eleventh edition of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases. The example demonstrates both how sexual politics affects classification practices and how sexual truth-making is transformed by its conjunction with the imperative of health.
March 5, 2018
Nancy Cartwright
Distinguished Professor, UC San Diego and Professor of Philosophy, Durham University
&
Lucy Allais
Henry E. Allison Endowed Chair in the History of Philosophy, UC San Diego and Professor, Philosophy, University of the Witwatersrand